Difference between revisions of "RHEL9 systems"
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I don't know how/if this will impact proxmox. | I don't know how/if this will impact proxmox. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == VMs == | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Hostname === | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you're running Alma9 in a VM environment chances are you might want to set a fixed hostname to match a DNS entry for this VM to be the system hostname. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Unfortunately NetworkManager will agressively try to set the system hostname based upon what it finds from the network by default. (Great for the HyperVisor admin, not so great for the VM admin). | ||
+ | |||
+ | To force the system to set the hostname to what you want without NetworkManager overriding it: | ||
+ | |||
+ | `/etc/sysctl.conf`: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | kernel.hostname = myawesomehostname | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == NetworkManager == | ||
+ | |||
+ | === No more network-scripts === | ||
+ | |||
+ | Whilst I think you can beat RH9 clones into submission to accept network-scripts it's worth just using NetworkManager. | ||
+ | |||
+ | An example static IP configuration for a RH9 box if you're not using DHCP might look something like: | ||
+ | |||
+ | `/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/enp1s0.nmconnection`: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | [connection] | ||
+ | id=enp1s0 | ||
+ | uuid=SOME-UUID | ||
+ | type=ethernet | ||
+ | autoconnect-priority=-999 | ||
+ | interface-name=enp1s0 | ||
+ | timestamp=1666698700 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [ethernet] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [ipv4] | ||
+ | method=manual | ||
+ | address=STATIC-IP/24,GATEWAY-IP | ||
+ | dns=8.8.8.8;8.8.4.4; | ||
+ | |||
+ | [ipv6] | ||
+ | addr-gen-mode=eui64 | ||
+ | method=auto | ||
+ | |||
+ | [proxy] | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you change these files you have to first restart NetworkManager to get it to re-read it's config from disk. Then, re-up any changed interfaces to get NM to apply teh changes you made. Or, if you fancy a cuppa, just reboot. | ||
== JournalCtl == | == JournalCtl == |
Revision as of 16:06, 18 April 2023
Contents
RHEL9 Experiences
Experiences with RHEL9 based systems and changes that are good to know.
Missing Packages from EPEL??
Some things require PowerTools repo in EL8 which is now named CRB in EL9.
XFS incompatibility
XFS filesystems made under 9 aren't backwards compatible with 7/8. At Edinburgh we couldn't mount/edit our VM template from a 7/8 host unless it was made using EXT4.
I don't know how/if this will impact proxmox.
VMs
Hostname
If you're running Alma9 in a VM environment chances are you might want to set a fixed hostname to match a DNS entry for this VM to be the system hostname.
Unfortunately NetworkManager will agressively try to set the system hostname based upon what it finds from the network by default. (Great for the HyperVisor admin, not so great for the VM admin).
To force the system to set the hostname to what you want without NetworkManager overriding it:
`/etc/sysctl.conf`:
... kernel.hostname = myawesomehostname ...
NetworkManager
No more network-scripts
Whilst I think you can beat RH9 clones into submission to accept network-scripts it's worth just using NetworkManager.
An example static IP configuration for a RH9 box if you're not using DHCP might look something like:
`/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/enp1s0.nmconnection`:
[connection] id=enp1s0 uuid=SOME-UUID type=ethernet autoconnect-priority=-999 interface-name=enp1s0 timestamp=1666698700 [ethernet] [ipv4] method=manual address=STATIC-IP/24,GATEWAY-IP dns=8.8.8.8;8.8.4.4; [ipv6] addr-gen-mode=eui64 method=auto [proxy]
If you change these files you have to first restart NetworkManager to get it to re-read it's config from disk. Then, re-up any changed interfaces to get NM to apply teh changes you made. Or, if you fancy a cuppa, just reboot.
JournalCtl
Logs in RAM
Journalctl by default put all of the system journal in /run which is in tmpfs. After some period of time the system locked up due to memory exhaustion which required a reboot and re-configure of journalctl. (Most of the noise in the logs was from external scanning services/tools probing http(s) endpoints, but on one host a significant few GB or so was due to the box being hammered with ssh requests.)
This was the case for Alma 9.0/9.1, it's unknown if Rocky configures this differently.
Performance Bottleneck
In high verbosity environments (multiple-podman containers, or dCache) incorrectly tuning journalctl can lead to problems with performance and useful debugging messages being lost. Edinburgh is investigating a good set of configuration parameters to recommend for high-verbosity environments running on hdd moving forward.
Config from Edinburgh:
[root@neeps ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/journal/ [root@neeps ~]# restorecon -R -v /var/log/journal/ [root@neeps ~]# cat /etc/systemd/journald.conf [Journal] Storage=persistent Compress=true SyncIntervalSec=30s RateLimitInterval=0 RateLimitBurst=0 SystemMaxUse=10G SystemKeepFree=1G RuntimeMaxUse=10G RuntimeKeepFree=1G MaxRetentionSec=3month MaxFileSec=3month MaxLevelStore=debug MaxLevelSyslog=debug MaxLevelKMsg=notice [root@neeps ~]# systemctl restart systemd-journald [root@neeps ~]# journalctl --sync
Podman
docker-compose
Installing `docker-compose` and using `podman` on RHEL9 systems works quite well with complex networking configs.
podman-compose
Seems to work well with `docker-compose.yml` recipies, although defining "networks" in podman is not quite 100% compatible with docker syntax.
podman
Note:
Containers created/managed by `podman-compose` vs `podman` typically end up with different properties. Whilst you can enter a podman-compose container from podman, if you (re-)start a podman-compose container using the podman command directly you will get different behaviours impacting things like network due to podmans different defaults.
There are some similar gotchas between `docker-compose` vs `docker` but in podman these are more readily apparent and can cause headaches.
Security
Firewall
If you disable firewalld you can now install `iptables-services` from the core repos vs epel and this gives back the ability to manage your firewall via `/etc/sysconfig/iptables`.
nftables
We plan to investigate moving some iptables policies to nftables.
Certificate Key Length Policy
To fix this for SSH see: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6973518
This is mainly to allow connections back to legacy systems and I don't think changing the system policy to allow usage on RHEL9+ is encouraged
Certificate Encryption Type
SHA-1 at the time of writing is used by
update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT:SHA1